Burns

Aldrich defines the burn like ?a loss of corporal substance by coagulation and destruction of weaves, caused by thermal alterations that include/understand, heat, cold, radiations, electricity and chemical agents?.

TYPES:
- Escaldaduras. - When are injuries produced by boiling liquids.
- Corrosions. - If they are produced by chemical agents.
- Electrical Burns. - If they are produced by electricity.
- Radionecrosis. - If they are produced by ionizing radiations.
- Freezing. - If they are produced by cold.
- Burns by fire or contact with hot plate.

1. - Burns by hot liquids.
2. - Contact with hot metallic surfaces.
3. - Injuries by flame or fire.
4. - Electrical Burns.

The burns we can divide them in four degrees:

- First Degree: they correspond to eritema simple (reddening) cutaneous that it produces a superficial inflammation of the skin.
- Second Degree superficial burns and deep burns can be divided in:
- Superficial. It is characterized by the formation of blisters (flictenas) that gives off epidermis between the layers corneous and Malpighio. The liquid that contains those flictenas is exuded plasma, whose loss explains most of the observed phenomena of the shock in this type of injury.
- Deep. In appearance, identical to superficial since also they form the flictenas but a total and skin epidérmica destruction exists
- Third Degree: one characterizes by an affectation of the skin with loss of epidermis and dermis. All the thickness of the skin goes away to transform into one escara, after whose spontaneous or surgical elimination, the single healing can take place from the periphery to the center, and as it is logical with an exasperating slowness. The burn is transformed then into an ample opened wound, with an inevitable lost infection and of liquids that confer their gravity to him.
- Fourth Degree: Also call carbonization and that is characterized by the necrosis of deep weaves: fatty, muscular and bony.

A burn can produce a shock?
The shock caused by burns is distinguished of other forms of shock by certain characteristics. A burn determines an exit of liquid of the sanguineous circulation, a transcutanea loss of energy dissipated in heat form and a loss of water, besides to offer an entrance to the infection, with the consequent risk of sepsis. All it leads to initiate the treatment of a syndrome by burn, characterized by serious alterations of the homeostasis (metabolic balance), and of the cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepáticas functions and renales that, frequently, leads to an incompatible state with the life.

Treatment:
The simple burns, like which it takes place with hot, greasy water, or the contact with hot plates, can be handled first with a smooth cleaning with frozen cold water, to hydrate either the burned area, to cut or the hairs of around and with the application of a sterilized ointment, that is tranquilizing, protects the burned surface and serves to maintain the air moved away of her.
The great burns must be covered with a light bandage for additional protection. The purpose of this treatment is to avoid the contamination and to obtain a clean wound that favors the healing or formation of an appropriate bed for a later treatment by the Veterinary Doctor. It consists of covering the suitable burn with dressing and bandages, previous cleaning of the burn in the bath does not place pomadas or unguentos in deep burns, single compresas of frozen water.

The dressing will be formed:
- Compresa of gauze.
- Layer of anti-smoke filter.
- Wendish elastic or of cotton.

Bibliography

Author: MV Adelaida A. Goldman

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