Hipotiroidismo

The hipotiroidismo is a state of tiroidea hypofunction that can be due to different causes and produces like final state an insufficient tiroideas hormone synthesis.
It is possible to be produced by an alteration at any level of the axis Hipotálamo-Hipofisario-Tiroideo (regulatory axis). The tiroideas hormones are amino acids that contain iodine secretados by the gland thyroid these are the only compounds that contain iodine with biological activity, these have act essential as like regulating the metabolic homeostasis (internal balance).
Some of their important functions but are:

1. They are necessary for a correct growth and development.
2. They help to amantener temp of cuepo.
3. They increase the consumption of I oxygenate.
4. They stimulate the synthesis and degradation of proteins.
5. The synthesis and degradation of fats act in.
6. They take part in the metabolism of you sweeten them in blood.
7. They are necessary for the vitamin formation to from carotenes.
8. Essential for the development of the SNC. and peripheral.

Etiologia:
The main causes are classified in:

* Primary: Fault in the development of the gland (agenesis), own diseases of the thyroid as linfocítico infiltrating (it is the cause commonest in dogs), idiopática atrophy and/or tumors.
* Secondary: Fault in the hormone synthesis by deficiency of the hormones that they control and they stimulate to the thyroid: TSH (hormone of the hipofisiaria gland)
* Tertiary: deficiency of the hormone that stimulates to the hipófisis so that it stimulates to the thyroid: TRH (hormone of the hypothalamus) very infrequent alteration in the dog.

Sintomatología:
If the tiroideas hormones practically take part in the totality of the organic functions activating them and maintaining the rate vital, he is understandable that is affected several types of organs, and they are possible to be presented/displayed an extensive sintomatología simultaneously, of all ways the dermatological signs are but the frequent ones:
* Ateraciones dermatológicas: (but it frequents in canine) nonpruriginosa bilateral symmetrical alopecia respecting extremities and recurrent head, pioderma secondary, alopecias (loss of hair) focal, bad aspect of the hair, badly growth of the hair, hiperqueratosis, hiperpigmentación, edema of the dermis, seborrea and seborreica dermatitis.
* Neurological alterations: depression, confusion, intolerancia to the exercise, increase of weight without polifagia
* Reproductive alterations: quiet infertility, extension between the jealousy, jealousy, diminution of the libido, testicular atrophy, azoospermia.
* Cardiovascular signs: bradicardia, cardiomiopatías.
* Peripheral signs neuromusculares: weakness, muscular atrophy, face neuropatías and of extremities.
* Signs in the development: the primary and secondary hipotiroidismo congenital produces enanismo, mental delay, lack of appetite, delay in the dental eruption, transtornos motors, etc.
* In felines cutaneous obesity, depression and injuries.

Diagnosis:
At the diagnosis it is arrived generally by the presented/displayed sintomatología and analyses of laboratory that guarantee our diagnosis measuring the tiroideas hormone concentrations and of that they regulate to the gland (TSH)
The most useful determination of isolated form is the sérica concentration of TSH, that is high of invariable form in all the forms of primary hipotiroidismo and can be normal or diminished in the hipofisario and hipotalámico hipotiroidismo (secondary and tertiary) Other biochemical data of the hipotiroidismo they are: arregenerativa anemia, hipercolesterolemia (increase of the cholesterol in 70% of the patients approximately) and increase of CPK (generally by muscular alterations)

Treatment:
The hipotiroidismo can receive the suitable treatment, and must become, since if it does not treat, this pathology can favor serious diseases of the heart (cardiomiopatías, cardiac insufficiency) and/or to the death.
The treatment of the hipotiroidismo consists of the replacement of tiroideas hormones with synthetic hormones
The prognosis (with a good treatment and a good monitorización) is good, although they must do it of by life.

Bibliography

Author: MV Adelaida A. Goldman

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