Pancreatitis

* Majorities
* Causes
* Symptoms
* Diagnosis
* Treatment
* Prognosis

Majorities
The páncreas (that in Greek sweet bread means) are a gland associated to the digestive apparatus with a endócrina and exócrina function, its exócrina function is given by the enzyme production which they collaborate in the digestion, however the endócrina function is given by the secretion of insulin and glucagón, fundamental metabolic hormones in the regulation of sugars (glucose) in blood.
One of the functions of the páncreas as we said, is the digestive enzyme production (small they pacman), pacman them are eliminated inactive (inoffensive) of the páncreas to avoid that they damage it, just in the intestine activates and digests foods, when the protective mechanisms of this inactivación fail, pacman them become active within the páncreas and produces inflammation.
The pancreatitis is one serious inflammatory disease, of nonbacterial character that is from the autodigestión of the páncreas by the enzymes that secret the own organ.

The pancreatitis can be:

1) Acute Pancreatitis: Of sudden appearance, the inflammatory process seriously affects the patient and attends with a very noticeable sintomatología. It can be a quickly fatal disease
2) Chronic Pancreatitis: in general it is not an acute episode and fatal, characterized by change morphologic deep and irreversible with possible evolution towards the functional irreversible deterioration, the inflammatory process without symptoms can even be still autoperpetuar (development of the disease but weighs and prolonged).

Predisponentes causes and factors
(the cats have different causes from pancreatitis that the dogs)

* Age: young adults
* Sex: more in females
* Nutricional: obesity and the rich fat diets and protein poor men!
* Genetics: the Schnauzers miniature (high lipoprotein levels in blood)
* Farmacológicas: the glucocorticoids and azathioprine can contribute to the tendency to develop pancreatitis (also estrogens and tetraciclinas)
* Infectious: in felines PIF, Toxoplasmosis and some parasitisms.
* Vasculitis: it is associated to inmunomediados mechanisms.
* Metabolic alterations: hiperlipidemia and hipercalcemia
* Endocrinopatías: Hiperadrenocorticismo or Sindrome de Cushing (overproduction of corticoids), more in canine.
* Shock-trauma

Symptoms
The sintomatología of the pancreatitis usually is of acute character, with the appearance of the following signs and symptoms, the pancreatitis will have to be considered like probable diagnosis:

* Abdominal pain
* Anorexy (they simply reject to eat)
* Severe depression
* Profuse, nourishing vomits first soon to be bilious
* Disnea (anxious and they are reluctant to move)
* Diarrea and abdominal distension
* Fever
* Dehydration
* Others: fast heart rate, arrhythmias, CID, sepsis and shock

Diagnosis:
It is based on the clinical examination and the anamnesis, of all ways often the pancreatitis is not so easy to diagnose mainly, in the cats because they experience less pain or the sintomatología is but inespecífica. Due to the statement as veterinary doctors we have the possibility of using the following complementary methods:

* Laboratory: Most important he is hemograma and measurement in pancreáticas enzyme blood, that in this picture, most of the cases, is stops the levels in the sanguineous circulation, other determinations important to evaluate affection of neighboring organs and general state of the patient.
The explorations that allow to visualize the abdomen on the inside also are of utility:
* Ecografia: Examination with ultrasound of the páncreas (of election)
* X-rays: They serve more to see complications, ej: it spills pleural in serious pancreatitis, expansion of intestinal handles, intestinal obstruction (but eye! the definitive diagnosis of pancreatitis by radiografícos morphologic changes would not have to be based).

Treatment
The first measurement is to leave to the patient in uninformed and to begin to provide serum, at the same time medicines are administered (analgesic) to alleviate the pain. In the slight cases the patient will recover totally in days.
In the acute pancreatitis the dog or cat will have to be left boarding school in a unit of intensive cares, will begin an aggressive treatment to him of fluid therapy EV there.
Also the initial process tends to administer antibiotics to prevent the infection even though is not infectious.
The surgical treatment in general is contraindicated in the acute pancreatitis, and it is only used in the handling of severe complications.
The error commonest in the treatment is to feed the animal too much soon, to misestimate the dehydration and the losses that take place via vomits.

Prognosis
It is difficult to emit a prognosis, of all ways, of is reserved serious.

Bibliography

Author: MV Adelaida A. Goldman

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