gastric Expansion vólvulo

Majorities
Predisponentes causes and factors
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
Measures of prevention

Majorities
The gastric expansion vólvulo (DGV) or also denominated Complex Expansion/Stomach Vólvulo is an acute process where it exists an expansion and torsion of the stomach, the affected ones, are generally canine adults between the 2 and 10 years of age mainly of great and giant races (to see ahead but).
The expansion must to a great amount of gas in the full stomach of food and liquids that a rotation produces reason why this gas content cannot be expelled.
The expanded and rotated stomach is the person in charge of a whole series of events that make seriously be in danger the life of the animal:

* A venous compression takes place that originates the diminution in the oxigenación of the heart (they appear cardiac arrhythmias).
* The sanguineous irrigation diminishes towards all the weaves, between which the most affected they are: kidney, páncreas, stomach and thin intestine.
* It can cause torsion of bazo (esplénica torsion)
* Endotoxemia and establishment of a CID state (scattered intravascular coagulation).

Predisponentes causes and factors

* Genetic predisposition
* Anatomical predisposition. (in great races of deep chest, such as the Dogo Alemán, *San Bernardine, Shepherd Alemán and Irish Setter, although also it has been observed in the Basset Hound, Teckel and Pequinés)
* Excessive food ingestion (but it frequents).
* Excessive water ingestion.
* Exercise before or after eating.
* Elevated hormone levels in the stomach.

Symptoms
The severity of the signs depends on the degree of gastric expansion and the presence or not of vólvulo, the main ones are:

* Increase of the abdominal size with gas presence (timpanismo)
* Abdominal pain, walks with the bent back
* Unproductive nauseas and vomits (they try to vomit and they cannot)
* Excessive salivation (sialorrea)
* Signs of bad sanguineous perfusión and shock.

Diagnosis
In general the clinical picture of the gastric expansion vólvulo (DGV) is enough patognomónico (typical) for a veterinary doctor with experience of all ways sometimes is used complementary methods like the x-ray (right position) to determine if it is solely about an expansion or a gastric torsion, endoscopía is perhaps the method therapeutic the more modern and novel diagnosis and.

Treatment
It constitutes, by the gravity of the picture, a veterinary emergency.
Once diagnosed the problem, the stabilization of the patient is essential:

* Administration of serum at great speed
* Administration of antibiotics, antiarrhythmic, etc. (it depends on each case in individual)
* Lightening of the stomach distension (gastric decompression)
* Surgery

The surgery must be made as rapidly as possible after the stabilization of the animal. Once finalized the surgery. the animal must be put under a delicate postoperating care, because certain complications can happen like: peritonitis, possible cardiac arrhythmia and necrosis of the alimentary canal.
It is important to understand and knowledge that stops to evaluate the result of the surgery will be necessary to wait for days.

Prognosis
The prognosis depends on the time that has happened until the treatment begins, of the aggressiveness of he himself and the hospitable infrastructure to be able to make it. Many dogs in spite of quick and being correctly taken care of by the veterinarians pass away, the statistics indicate that the rate of mortality from 30 to a 45% in treated animals and treated is not of the 100%.

Prevention
While the exact causes are not known the DGV and the dogs susceptible can be identified to suffer this problem, the best form to reduce the risk will be the correct handling of the feeding (consulted Source: Morris Animal Foundation):

* The great dogs must be fed two or three times the day, instead of a single time. Observe the behavior of the dog after eating (to offer the food to him in small rations several times to the day instead of a voluminous one).
* Limit the amount of water that is administered, after each food. (in those dogs that drinks extremely)
* Prevent that the dog makes vigorous exercise before and after each food; to walk, nevertheless, can promote a normal gastrointestinal function.
* Feed the dogs individually, in a calm place, evtando stress during the feeding
* The dogs that survive an attack of gastric torsion are more prone to a future attack.
* To go to the veterinarian as soon as they appear the first symptoms of abdominal enlargement.
* In dogs of high risk of making gastropexia for a reason or purpose prophylactic.

He is preferable to come up before to cure.

Bibliography

Author: MV Adelaida A. Goldman

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